Control system



p L. M. ASPI WALL 1,710,762

CONTROL SYSTEM med Oct. 15, 1926 s Sheets-Sheet, 1

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Trip/e Valve.

WITNESSES: 147 INVENTOR Lou/5N. flspmwa/l.

ATTORNEY April 30, 19 P 1.. M. ASPINWALL I CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Oct. 15. 1926 a sneets-snez 2 Q5 76 Main Reserve/l:

77-00 le Va Ive.

- 147 I28 WITNES INVENTOR April 30, '1 929 L. M. AsP|NwALL CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Oct- 15. 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet v I. ma TW R mm WM Av Patented Apr. 30, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS M. .ASIPINWALL. OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WEST1NG- HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.

CONTROL SYSTEM.

Application filed October 15, 1926. Serial No. 141,720.

This invention relates generally to braking systems and particularly to rcgnerative braking" systems for motor vehicles.

The object of the invention. generally stated. is the provision of a braking system that shall be simple and etlicient in operation and readily and economically manufactured and installed. r

A more specific object of the inventitm is to provide for the establishment of regenerative braking connections by the same handle that is utilized to effect the operation of a nlcchal'iical braking system.

A further object of the invention is to provide tor checking; the operation of the mechanical braking system of a motor vehicle for a period after its initiation, to permit the independent operation of a regenerative hraking svstem, which may be caused to function by t in initiation of the operation of the mechanical braking: system.

Another object of the invention is to provide :tor the development of a predetcn mined voltage in a regenerative braking system, and the maintaining of the regenerated vol tage suhstanti ally constant.

A still further object of the invention is to provide for the establishment of regenerativebraking connections for a motor by the actuation of a controller to its on and off positions successively, to permit the institution of regenerative braking upon the connection of the motors across the power source.

It is also an object of the invention to proride for the discontinuance of the regenerative braking of the motors of a vehicle and the operation of the mechanical braking system to permit the brakes to function when the vehicle has been decelerated to a predetermined. speed.

Other objects of the invention will, in part, he ol. 'ions and will, in part, appear hereinaittcr.

The invention is disclosed in the embodiment thereof shown in the accompanying drawing and comprises the structural fea tures. the combination of elements and the arrangement of parts, that will he exemplified in the structure hereinafter set forth, and the scope of the application of which will he indicated in the claims. 1

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of theinvention, reference should he had to the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which; i

F g. 1 is a diagrammatic View of a regenerative braking system constructed in accordance with this invention,

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic View of a m0ditied form of the braking system,

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of an air-pressure-actuated contactor adapted for use in the braking system, and i Fig. 4 is atop plan view of the brake lever used for initiating the operation of the mechanical braking system.

Referring now to the drawing, a. motor 10 t any suitable type is employed for propellnrc a vehicle. In the particular system illustrated, a series motor having an armature winding 11 and a fieldwinding 152, is shown as connected for energization from a trolleycon'ductor 13. l y

In order to energize the field windings of the motor 10, a motor-generator set including a generator 14 directly connected to a motor 15 is provided. The motor 15 is also energized from the trolley-conductor 13.

As is usual practice in motor driven vehicles, an air-lorake system is provided for controlling the retardation of the vehicle. Since the construction and operation of airhrakes is widely understood, only a diagrammatic showing of the essential membersis included in the drawing.

As illustrated, a train air line 16 is provided for conveying air from the main reservoir 17 to the auxiliary reservoir 18. In order to control the transfer of the air and the ressure in the train air line, an engineer s brake valve 19, disposed for actuation by a brakelever 20, and a triple valve 21, are utilized.

As in the coinmonly-nsed ainhrake system, when the valve 19 actuated and the main reservoir 17 is connected to the! air line, the triple valve 21 tunctionsto connect the auxiliary reservoir 18 to the train air line 16. Further when the valve 19 is operated to disconnect the main reservoir18 from the air line and reduce the pressure in the latter, the triple valve 21 functions to disconnect the auxiliary reservoir 18 from the train air line 16 and to connect it to the hrakc-shoe-actuating device :21. Continued application of the brakes will reduce the pressure in the auxiliary reservoir 18, requiring that it be again connected to the main reservoir 17 to replenish the supply of air.

As will be r iadily umleri-stood, when only a mechan ical braking system is employed, there a great loss of energy every time a vehicle is shoved. down in speed or brought to a stop. This statement is particularly true in the oporation of subway and elevated electric trains, such as are con'mionly wed in large cities.

In the present system for braking motordriven vehicles, in the interest 01 economy in the use of electrical energy, a. regene 'ative braking system is provided. The control of the regenerative braking system is facilitated by utilizing means for automatically ell'ecting re enerative braking of a momentron-driven vehicle, upon the initiation of mechanical brakin and for terminating the functioning of the regenerative braking system and utilizing the inechani -al b aking system when the vehicle has been de-celeratcd to a predetermined speed.

In order to control the starting and acceleration. of the motor 10, a master controller 22, which is provided with a contact segment 23 disposed to be set in a plurality of positions, a to d inc. usive, is utilizec. As shown, the contact segment is positioned to engage contact lingers 24 to 30, inclusive, as it is moved to its different positions. Further, an interlock 31 is provided on the controller to engage contact fingers 32 to 34, inclusive, when the controller is set in its oil position.

Assuming now that the master controller 22 is actuated to set the contact se ment .23 in its first position a, where it engages contact lingers 2i to :26, inclusive, current flows from the battery 35 through conductor 36, contact lingers 2st and bridged by contact segment 22, comlnctor 37, the actuating coil of switch 3 and comluctors 39 and 4L0 to the battery. Another circuit extends from the Contact linger 2t engaged by the contact 'mcnt 22, through conductor ll, the actuating coil oi switch 42 and. conductors 43 and 40 to the battery.

Therefore, switches 38 and i2 are closed and the circuit oi? the motor is established. Current new lows from the trolley-conductor 13 through trolley pole l4, conductor 45, switch l2, con luctor 16, resistor 47, the actuating coil of relay 48, ar nature 11 and field winding 12 of the motor 10, conductor elf) and the switch S8 to the ground at 50.

In accelc 'ating the motor 10, the master controller is actuated to positions b, and d successively, to energize the actuating coils of the switches 51. and 53 to shortcircuit the dillferent section of the resi tor 4:7. In this manner, the motor is connected directly across the lin and brought to its maximum speed.

In order to obtain the continuous functioning of the regenerative b 'akin g system in response to the actuation of the brake lever 20, provision is made for establishing, by the op c 'ation of the master controller, circuits that cooperate with the motor in developing a rogenerated voltage that is greater than the line wilt-age. As will be explained hereinafter, when the controller is thrown to its l'ul l on position and then to its oil position. the motor is connected for operation as a generator, and a suitable voltage is imnualiately developed thereby.

As will be observed, when the controller actuated to position (2, it engages contorttinger 50, and a ci *cuit established which intends there'lrom through conductors 56 and 57, the actuating coil oil? the sequence relay at, and conductor 58 to the battery 35. 'llherctore, the relay 5-l is actuated and the contact lingers 59 to 61, ininusive, are bridged.

Upon the bridging oi? the cont". .ct lingers ill to 52) inclusive, a holding circuit {or the relay is established. will be seen, the holding circuit extends from the battery 5:35 through conductor (52, contact lingers co and oi, bridged by relay 5st, conductor (33, Contact lingers (ll and (.35, bridged by the contact s incnt (36 oil the sequence drum iii, condurtoi s (37 and 5'7. the actuating coil oi. relay ill; and C()H(l1l0t(')l' 58 to the battery. 'llherelore, the relay 5-l is retained in its closed posit. 2: tier the controller is thrown to its ell position.

It will be observed that the motor o t ill-l n1otor-generator set may be connected to the source of supply by the closure oi a manually operated switch GSl The energizing circuit for the motor extends from the trolleyconductor 13 through the trolley 1, iole ll, coo-- doctor 45, switch (58, and the armature and held windings ot the motor connected in parallel and conductor 69 to the ground a t Ell.

The generator 1% may' be directly connected to the motor 15 in any suitable manner, as by a shaft i l, and may be set in operation whenever the motor 15 is connected to the power source by the closure of the manually operable switch 68. The encrgizatimi of tin; "ield winding 70 of the gene 'ator is ell'ccted automatica ly connecting it across the main power source when the sequence relay at is closed.

The energizing circuit tor the field winding 70 ol: the generator H is controlled by an electromagnetic swi Tl. hen the sequence relay El i closed, an actuating circuit for the switch 71 extends from the battery through conductor 62, contact fingers (J0 and 59, bridged by the movable contact member of the relay 54-, conductor 72. the actual-- ing coil. of the switch 71, and conductor T 1! to the battery.

As will be readily observed, when the switch 71 is closed, an energizing circuit for the field winding 7 is con'ipleted. This circuit extends from the tro]ley-comluctor l3 master COlilLIUlltBl' 2E3 is thrown to its olli" position, the actuating circuit of the line switch 12 is interrupted at the contact linger 20. 'lheretore the switch 12 is opened and the motor 10 is disconnected from the line.

As will. he observed when the cont :iler is set in its oil position, the inter oel; 3' bridges the contact fingers 32 to inclusive. A circuit now extends from the battery 35 through conductor 62, contact lingers 00 and 50, bridged by the movable contact meniher of the relay 5-1, conductors Ti and T7, and contact fingers 32 to 3-21, inelusi bridged by the interlock 31, to condtnstors i 8 and "1'0, thereby energizing conductors "it; and T0 for purposes to he set forth.

Two anitch-:u'tuating circuits are now completed "from the energized conductor it? through the Pilltllltl-COIIDCCi'Gtl actuating coils ot the switches 80 and S1 and conductors I39 and 10 to the battery 35. The closure ot the switches 80 and 81 serves to connect the armature 67 ot' the generator 1st across the Ileld windings 12 ot' the motor 10, serving to excite the latter so that it may be operated as a generator when driven by the momentum of the vehicle.

It will he observed that the energizing circuit ot the tield winding 12 extends l 't lll the laieilive terminal of the armatin'e (ii at the generator 1-1, through conductor 82, switch 80, the field winding 12, resistor 83, conductor St, and switch 81 to the grounded side ofthe generator through conductor 1 '1 herefore the motor 10 will innnediately hegin to build up a generated voltage.

' As soon as the mbtor 10 l'iegins to tunetion as a generator, current flows from the positive terminal of the armature 11, through conductor 80, the actuating coil of switch 18, re: stor 17. conductor 87 and the actuating coil of a line switch relay SS. is common practice in the ccmstruction of relays of this character, the relay designed to function when subjected. to a voltage of a predetermined value. 'lheret'orc, the line switch lay 88 will not close immediately upon the motor 10 being connected to operate as a ge nera tor.

In order to build up the voltage generator by the motor 10 to a value greater than that of the line voltage, provision is made for gradually excluding from the circuit the sections of the resistor 75, to increase the voltage of the generator 14 and thereby the excitation of the lield Winding 12 ot' the motor 10. The shortcircuiting of the resistor sections etlected by means of a contactsegment 8%), carried by the sequence drum 55 and disposed to engage successively a pluralit of contact; fingers 00 to 96, inclusive, whie are, in turn, connected to dillerent points on the resistor T i The sequence drum 55 is disposed for operation by a pilot motor 07. As shown, the sequence drum further provided with a contact segment 08, disposed to engage contact fingers 99 and 100. and a contact segment 101, which serves to bridge contact lingers 1 K 103 and 101, thereby providing means for controlling the circuits.

In order to control the voltage built up by the motor 10, a polarized relay 105 is conneeted between the motor and the line conductor 13. As shown, the actuating circuit for the relay 105 extends from the motor through conductor 86, actuating coil of the relay 18, resistor 17, conductor 87, the actuating coil of the polarized relay 105, a high ""inee 106 and conductors 45 and let to the or .tive line conductor 13.

The relay 105 so constructed that it will not operate when current flows from the power source through it to the motor 10, but only when the voltage generated by the motor 10, operating as a generator, is greater than the line voltage, and current flows toward the power source. In this particular instance, the polarized relay 105 is adapted to function when. the generated voltage is approximately volts greater than that of the power source.

Simultaneously with the energization of the field windin 12 of theniotor 10, a circuit closed for operating the pilotnlotor 97. This motor circuit extends from the battery through conductor (32, contact lingers and no, bridged by the relay 5st, conductors T and 77, era'itact fingers 33 and 34, bridged by the interlock 31 carried by the master controller conductors T!) and 107, motor 97, conductor 1015i, resistor 100, conductor 110, the movable contact menlher of polarized relay 105, and mnductors 111 and 41:3 to the batte 'lliiere'lore, the sequence drum 55 he- 11:: to rotate torwardly through its rlitierr-nt positions 0' to Z inclusive. hen the sequence drum moves from positive 0 to the cool; tiirzjeri-i 0-1 and as lwconic disengaged from the contact segment 66, thereby breaking the holding circuit of the relay 54. (lonsequentlv, relay {at drops to its lower position, and the motor circuit traced above is interrupted.

However, it will be observed that, before the contact lingerie (3t and become disengaged from the contact segment 66, the contact fingers 99 and 100 are engaged by contact segment 98. Therefore, another motor c1rcuit established extending trom the battery .35 through conductors 36 and 113, Contact fingers 100 and 99, bridged by the contact segment 98, conductors 111 and. 107, motor 97, conductor 1.08, resistor 109, conductor 110, rela 105, and conductors 111 and 43 to the battery.

The pilot motor 97 continues to operate until the voltage of the motor 10, operating as a generator, is greater than the line voltage, when current flows through the relay 105 in the direction of the power source. The relay is thereupon raised and the circuit of the motor 97 is opened.

In the particular application of this inven tion disclosed in Fig. 1, when the generated voltage is approximately 20 volts higher than the voltage 01 the source of supply, the relay 105 is actuated to stop the motor 97 and thereby prevent further short-circuiting ot the sections of the resistor 7 5. Thus, the re- ].ay functions to maintain the regenerated voltage substantially equal to the line voltage, to permit the starting of regenerative bra ting when the line switch is closed to connectthe motor 10 to the trolley-conductor 13 to operate as a generator.

As the vehicle is de-celerated, the regenerated voltage decreases, and the relay 105 deencrgizcd and closed, thereby closing the pilot motor circuit. The sequence drum is immediately moved one step forward, excluding a. sectionot the resistor 75 from the field circuit of the generator 1 1 to increase the excitation of the field winding 12 of the motor 10. The regenerated voltage is, therefore, increased, and the relay 105 is again actuated to open the circuit of pilot motor 97.

Should regenerative braking not be inii la 1 ed, the stepby -step movement or nudging action of the sequence drum continues until the vehicle has de-celerated to a speed that is insutlicient to cause the motor to build up a regenerated voltage that is greater than the line voltage.

The preceding description sets forth the preliminary regenerative braking circuits esta blished upon the moving of: the master controller 22 to its full on and off posit-ions, .'vely. In order to permit the feeding of current back to the source of supply and thereby start regenerative braking, provision made for actuating the line switch 42 upon the initiation of air-braking by the actuation of the l ake lever 20.

lVith a view to connecting the motor 10 across the source of supply to deliver current to the tri)lley-comluctors 13 when the regenerated voltage greater than the line voltag an air-pressureactuated contactor 115 is connected in the train air line 16 and is disposed to close the actuating circuit of the switch 4-2. The construction of the contactor 115 will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 3.

As shown, the contactor comprises a. using 110 in which a plunger 117 is slidably mounted. In this particular construction, a contact plate 118 is mounted on the. upper end of the plunger 117 and is disposed to engage contact members 119 and 120, which are positioned on the upper end of the casing.

In order to normally retain the contact plate 118 in engagement with the contact members 119 and 120, a coil spring 121 is disposed between the head ot the plunger and a sleeve 122, adjustably mounted in a partition 123 provided in the casing 116.

A diaphragm 12a is located in the bottom of the casing 116 to receive the head of the plunger 117. An opening 125 is formed in the end of the casing 116 to admit a compressed fiuid, such as compressed air, for the pin-pose of flexing the diaphragm to :N'i'llttt the plunger 117 and thereby disengage the plate 118 from the contact members 119 and 120.

It will be readily mnlerstood that the spring 121 may he made of any desired strength and subjected to any predetermined pressure by means of the adjustable sleeve Therefore, when the proper spring has been selected and adjusted, the contact plate 118 may be raised to its upper position by subecting the diaphragm 12st to a predetermined pressure. Thus, engagement between the plate 118 and the contact n'ieu'lbers 110 and 120 may be effected by a predetermined reduction of the air pressure as, tor example, by five or ten pounds.

As illustrated, the rontactor 115 is connected to the train air line and its operation may be eltectcd by changing the pressury in the train air line. Accordingly, the con tat-tor is responsive to movements oil. the eugineers brake valve, which is disposed to change the pressure in the air line, in accordance with a familiar practice.

Assume now that the contactor 115 is ad apted to drop the contact plate 118 into engagement with the contact members 119 and 120 when the pressure in the train air line 10 has been reduced approximately five pounds. Therefore, upon operation of the engineefs brake valve to initiate air braking, a circuit is established which extends from the battery 35, through conductor 120, contact or 115, conductor 127, contact plate 128, conductors 12$) and 130, the line-switch relay 88, conductor 131, the actuating coil of the line switch 42, and conductor 132, 13 and to the battery.

In order to check the operation of the-airbrake system, atter its initiation by the actuation off the engineers brake valve to reduce the pressure in the train air line, a system of valves shown generally at 133 is novided for preventing the discharge of air from the auxiliary brake cylinder 18 to the brakeshoe-actuating device 21' until after the regenerative brahing has been discontinued.

The system of valves provided for checking the operation of the air-brake system includes an electromagnetically operated valve 134 and a valve 135 adapted for operation by air pressure. A shown, the valve 131 connected by a pipe line 136 to the main reservoir and by a pipe line 137 to the upper end of the cylinder 138 of the valve 135.

The valve 131 may be of any suitable elec troiiiagnetically operated type. In this particular construction, an actuating coil 139 tunctions when energized to open the valve 131.

As illustrated, the valve 135 comprises a casinpflill, on the upper end 0 t which is formed the cylinder 138. In addition to the connection to the valve 1:34, the valve 135 is provi ed with two other connections: pipe 141, wha-hleads to the l)Inl QSl106'i1t1tLliLtlUg device 21 and pipe 112 extending to the triple valve h lidablv mounted in thecylinder 138 a piston 11? carrying the valve member 1144. its will be observed, the lower end of the valve member, which is disposed to he positioned in the valve seat 115, is considerably smaller in area than the upper end of the piston 113. '.l.heretore, conn nessed air admitted througrl'i the pipe 137 will serve to maintain the valve member 141 in its lower position against the pressure of air admitted through the pipe 112, even it the pressure on the lower lace ot' the valve member ot a greater number of pounds to the square inch. in the construction illustrated, a spring 1 it provided to aid in the unseating oi the valve member lit-1i.

in order to actuate the contact plate 128 to brcali. the ahov'e'tracw'l circuit connected -o h when air braking occurs, :1 cylhich is substantially similar to iherell. iuiler l the 'ed. As is usual practice in structures 01: this iivpe, a piston is slidably mounted in a i-vlinilci: and is; biased toward the base by a spring. ()n the admission ot con'ignressed air lhrouhjh the connector 1 11 leading to the ii'akeshoe-actuating device 21, a ir adm1tted through the pipe 118 to the linder 147, die piston is actuated to project the plate thereby breaking the assoeil electric circuit. a result ot the actuation of the brake alve 10 to reduce the preseure in the train air line to operate the contactor 115, another circuit is set up that serves to efliect the checkinp oil. the operation of the air-brake tent. 'lhis circuit may be traced from the battery 35. through comluctor 121, contact z r 115, conductor 127, contact plate 128, conductors 'l and 14-9. ii-zintact lingers 103 and 10-1, bri gred by the contact se rment 101 of sequence drum 55, conductor 150, the actuliralie-slitie-actuating device 21, is proating coil 139 of valve 134, conductor 151, relay -18 and conductor 40 to the battery.

It will iiereadily understood that, when the valve 134. is opened, pressure is admitted to the cylinder 155 through the valve 135. lheretore, the connection between the pi 9 lines 142 and 141, extending between the triple valve 21 and the hrakeshoe-actuating device 20', cut otl by the valve member 144, which is projected to its lower position by the air pressure from the main reservoir that is applied to the piston 143.

Two other contactors 152 and 153 are connected in the train air line 16. As will be observed, the contact plates 15% and 155, carried by the contaetors 152 and 153, respectively, are disposed to short-circuit two sections of the resistor 109. In setting these brake valve, the three-eontactors are closed simultaneously.

It will be readily understood that the speed 01 the motor 07 may be controlled by means of the resistor 109 in circuit therewith. Further, the speed of the sequence drum and, therefore, the building up of the regenerative voltage may be varied by controlling the speed of the motor 97. Accordingly, it may 'be said that the rate of regenerative braking may be controlled by means of contactors 152 and 153.

The contact segment 101 is notched, as shown at 156, so that, when the sequence drum reaches position Z, corresponding to a relatively low speed of the vehicle, the contact finger 101 is disengaged, and the actuating cireuit for the valve 134 is interrupted. Immediately, the valve 131 cuts oil the supply of air through the pipe 136 to the cylinder .1238, thereby permitting the actuation of the "alve member 1141 to its upper position and the connection of the auxiliary reservoir 18 through the triple valve 21 to the brake-shoeactnating device 21'.

Therefore, when the sequence drum completes one revolution, the regenerative braking system circuits, and any preliminary circuits that may have been established for regenerative braking, are interrupted, and theair-braking system is permit-tedto function. Further, as long as the air-braking system continues to function, the circuits required for eflecting regenerative braking cannot he reestablished.

If, at any time during the operation of the regenerative braking system, the pressure in the cylinder 147 becomes great enough to actuate the plate 128 to interrupt the circuit in which it is connected, the regenerative braking operations are discontinued and. the air-brake system is set in operation.

As hereinbetore described, an actuating circuit for the relay 18 is established when the motor is connected to :lunction a generator. Further, it will be observed that the relay 48 serves to control the actuating circuit for the valve 134:.

Assume now that the engineers brake valve 19 is operated to e'li'ect a braking action and that, for some reason, the regenerative braking system fails to respond. Under such conditions, the relay d8 is not closed, and the valve 134; remains closed, thereby permitting the normal functioning oi the air-brakes in response to the ope *ation of the engineers brake valve.

A modification 01'' a braking system is illustrated in Fig. 2. As will be observec, a contact segment 157, disposed :tor actuation by the engineers brake lever 20 to engage contact fingers 158 to 160, inclusive, in p, is provided instead of the eont'actor 115.

The construction of the device actuated the engineers brake lever is best shown in Fig. 4. As illustrated, a casing 161, adapted to be mounted on the engineers brake valve, has mounted therein a substantially U-shaped slider 162, which may be made from any suitable material such, for example, as steel. The slider 162 has mounted thereon, a contact segulent 157, which disposed to engage in pairs the resiliently mounted contact hn gers 158 to 160, iin'lusive, when the slider is set at the limits of its angular movement. As shown, the contact segment is in sale t from the slider 162 by the insulating plate 163.

In this construction, the contact fingers 158 to 160, inclusive, are mounted to depend from the casing 164, which is preferably made from insulating material, thereby n'niliing it unnecessary to insulate each contact: finger selnrrately.

In order to actuate the slider 162 to give the desired connections, the engineefs bralce valve handle is disposed between its ends. will be observed, a certain amount of lost motion is permitted when the brake lever is be ing actuated from its release position to its service position, thereby permitting the brake lever to be set in its lap position without changing the circuits established by set ting the lever in its release position.

The operation of the regenerative braking system illustrated in Fig. 2 is exactly the same as that described for the brakin wiGlli illustrated in Fig. 1, With respect to the means provided for controlling the operation of the line switch 42, and the starting of the sequence switch motor 97, after the initiation oi air-braking by the operation of the en gineers brake v: he 19. Accordingly, it is thought that it wi ll. be sutlicient, for the purposes oi this specification, to merely point out the manner in which the valve 13% may be controlled by the operation of the brake lever 20.

then the brake lever is thrown to its release position, the contact segment 157 is moved to engage the contact lingers 158 and159. The battery is then connected through coiuluctors 36 and 163, contact lingers 159 and 158, bridged by the contact seg ment 157, and coi'uluctor 16-1 to the contact in or 'lherei ore, it will e readily nirdel stood that, upon the actuation of the mas ter controller oi the system shown in Fig. 2 the desired main circuits may be set up fdr starting and accelerating the motor 10, and :t'or establishing the same group oi auxiliary circuits that are closed by the actuation ol the controller 22 to its on and oil positions in the system illustrated in Fig. 1.

Assume now that it is desired to utilize the regenerative braking system and that the controller 22 is thrown to its oil? posi' n to complete the establishment of the circuits necessary for regenerative braking. In order to clo:--=e the line switch 42 to perniit the feeding oit' eurr it to the source of power supply, the engineers brake valve 19 is actu ated to initiate the operation of the air-brake system. The thrinving oi the brake lever 26 to service position moves the contact segment 157 into engagement with the contact lingers 159 and 160.

In this manner, a circuit established from the battery 35 through conductors $136 and 16?), coi'itact lingers 159 and 1.60, bridged by the contact segment 157, conductors 165 and 1.27, contact plate 128, conductors 12$) and 130, relay 88, conductor 131, the actuating coil of the line switch 412, and conduit tors 132, 4-3 and tit) to the battery Therefore, the switch 1-2 is closed to connect the motor 10 to the trolley-conductor 13. After the prelim nary circuits for regenerative braking have been established by the manipulation oi": the master controller 22, regenerative braking will. be instituted upon the closing of the line switch 42.

In order to simplijt'y the drawings and to curtail the description, the system has been restricted to a ngle motor, but it will be readily understood that, in practice, two or more motors may be used and that these motors mar be grouped in any desired relations, such. as series or parallel, in a manner that is well understood in the art.

Since certain chane {4 may be made in the above-described consrriu-tion, and difi erent embodiments oi the invention may be made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all. matter coi'itained in the above description, or shown in the accomtit) 2 driven motor, an air-brake system, means for controlling the operation of the air-brake system, means disposed for actuation by the brake-control means to effect regenerative braking, and means for checking the functioning of the air-brake system after the initial operation of said brake control means.

2, I11 a control system for motor vehicles, in combination, a motor disposed to be driven by the momentum of a vehicle, a mechanical braking system for the vehicle, a

brake lever for initiating the operation of the mechanical braking system, means dis posed for operation by the brake lever for connecting the motor to effect regenerative braking, and means for checking the functioning of the mechanical braking system after the initial ope 'ation of the lever.

3. In a control system for motor vehicles, in combination, a motor for propelling a vehicle, said motor being disposed for operation by the momentum of the vehicle, a con troller for starting and accelerating the motor, and means co-operative with the controller as it is thrown to its on and oil positions, successively, to connect the motor for operation as a generator.

4. In a control system for motor vehicles, in combination. a motor for propelling :1 vehicle, said motor being disposed for operation bv the momentum of the vehicle, a controller for starting and accelerating the motor. means cooperative with the controller as it is thrown to its on and off positions, successively, to connect the motor for operation as a generator, a mechanical braking system, means for initiating the operation of the braking system, and means operated by the ln'ake-control means for establishing connections to effect regenerative braking.

In a control system for motor vehicles, in combination, a motor for propelling a yehicle, said motor being disposed for operation by the momentum of the vehicle, a controller for starting and accelerating the motor, means cooperative with the controller as it is thrown to its on and off positions, successively, to connect the motor for operation as a generator, a mechanical braking system, means :For initiating the operation of the braking system, means operated by the brake control means tor establishing connections to effect regenerative braking, and means for checking the operation of the mechanical braking system.

6. In a control system, in combination, a momentum-driven motor, means disposer to co-operate with the motor to eilect regenerative braking, a mechanical braking system, means for controlling the operation of the mechanical braking system, and means actuated upon the initiation of theoperation of the mechanical braking system to effect re generative braking.

7. In a control system, in combinatioma momentum-driven motor, means (llSPOStKll to co-operate with the motor to effect regenerative braking, a mechanical braking system,

means for controlling the operation of the mechanical braking system, means actuated upon the initiation of the operation of the mechanical braking system toefiectregenerative braking, and means for checking the operit ation of the mechanical braking system to permit independent regenerative braking:

8. In a control system, in combination, a momentunrdriven motor, means disposed to cooperate with the motor to effect regenerative braking, a mechanical braking system, means for controlling the operation otthe mechanical braking system, means actuated upon the initiation of the operation ofthe mechanical braking system to effect regenerative braking, means for checking the opera tion of the mechanical=braking-system to pee mit independent regenerative braking, and means for interrupting the operation of the means provided for checking the operation of the mechanical braking system,

9; In a control system for motor vehicles, in combination, a propelling motor disposed to be driven by the momentum of the vehicle, a source ofsupply of electrical energy for the motor, a controller for connecting the motor to the source of supply, means for conn ectingthe motor to functionas agenerator when the controller is thrown to its onand otl positions successively, a mechanical braking system for the vehicle, andmeans actuated by the initiation of the operation of the mechariic'al braking system to connect the motors across the sourceot supplyto effect regenerati ve braking.

10. Ina control system for motor vehicles, in combination, a propelling motor disposed to be driven by the momentum of the vehicle, a source of supply of electrical energy for the motor. a-controller for connecting the motor to the source of supply, means for connecting the motor to function as a generator when the controller is thrown to its on and off positions successively, a mechanical braking system for the vehicle, means aetuated by the initiation of the operation of the mechanical braking:' system to connect the motor across the source of supply to effectregenerative braking, and means for maintaining the voltage developed by the regener: tive system substantially equal to the line voltage.

11. In a controlsystem for motor vehicles. in combination, a propellingmotor disposed to be driven by themomentum of the vehicle. a source of supply of electrical energy for the motor, a controller for, connecting the motor to the source of supply, meanmfor. con:

necting the motor to function as 2 generator when the controller is thrown to its on and oil positions successively, a meclnmical braking system for the vehicle, and means actuated by the initiation of the operation of the mechanical hr: king sv i to connect the motor, across the source o t sum y to effect regenerative braking, said cci'rnecting 1110: "r being; adapted to interrupt the regcncrag connections vhen the volhicge ol tl e regenerative system becomes lower than the voltage of the so one or supply.

12, In a control system for motor vehielefinv combination, a propelling inotor disposed to be driven by the momentum o'l a 'Whicle, a source of supply ot elect] A ,rl enem for the motor, a controller for connecting: the motor to the source of supply, means tor connecting: the motor to function as a o'ererator when the controller is thrown to its on and all positions successively, a meelnrniral hralrinr' system for the vehicle, and means depemlent upon. the initiation. of the mechanical lur ding for automati ally making; and hrealrn connections hetween the source (i supply and the motor accordion as the 1 coenerative voltage is greater or less tlnm the supply voltage,

13. In a control system 'lor motor vehi: in C(HlllllnfllllOll, a propelling motor disposed to be driven by the momentum of 1 vehicle. a source of supply of electrical one: it for the motor, a controller for connecting); the motor to the source ot supply, means for connect inc" the motor to function as a generator when the controller is thrown to its on mid oil positions successively, a mechanical hrakinll system. for the vehicle. means do pendent upon the initiation of the mechanial hrakinp; for automatic-a1 j uni-hing and braking; connections between the source of surmly and the motor according; as the regrouerat-ive voltage is ,greater or less than the supply voltage, and means independent of the mechanical braking; system adapted to prevent mechanical ln'alring duri n g regenerative braking.

let. In a control. system for motor vehicles, in eonihination, a propelling; motor disposed to he driven by the momentum of a vehicle, a

source of: supply of electrical energy for the motor, a controller for connecting: the motor to the source of supply, means for connecting the motor to function as a genera tor when the controller is thrown to its on an d oil? positions successively, a mechanical lnalti h system, for the vehicle, means depeni nt upon the initiation of the mechanical lwl'lllxlllfj for automatically making and. braking; courie tions hetuu' en the source of supply and the motor acctwding as the rcgrenmfati've voltage is greater or less than the supply voltage, means independent of the mechanical hrale ing system adapted to prevent mecluinical braking, during regenerative link ng, and means for releasing id prei 'entive n1 ans to permit the functioning of the mechanical hralting system.

15. In a control system, in cinnbination, a momentaun-dliven motor, means for ellectinc; mechanical hr; king, in uns for effecting regenerative braking, and means automatically opera hle upon the initiation of the mechanical l raliine; to ehccl: the meclnmical hralcim operatiorn and to eli'cct regenerative hraainu'.

16. In a control system, in comhination, a momentum-driven motor, means for etlect ingnierhanicai linking, minus for elli'ecting regreneratim lurking, means automatically operahle upon the initiation of the mechanical hralaing; to check the mechanical h 'alrin z operation and to eifect renene 'ative braking, and means for suhscquently interriu'iting the operation ot the regcneratim hralcinr m runs e the operation of the meelnmical Earn lure; means.

ii In a control system, in combination, a momentiuu-drin-n motor, n'leans tor ell cctx'lnmical braking, means for efl ertinr gen rative li lilting, means automatically e:ahle u nn the initiation of the mechaniralri 4 to check the mechanical h 'alcing :pe ation and to rtl'ect regrei'lerat hrakingr, and nuains lor controlling the voltage of the weralire h alcinr means to nmintain it alvove a prod ermined value.

ltl. ln a control system 'l'or motor vehicles, in coruhimition, a motor disposed to he driven by the momentum of the vehicle, an air-h 'alce s stem provided with an air line for lu'alring the vehicle, a regene'ative braking system. and men: s actuated by change of pressure in the air line to checlr the operation oi the air-- lrralre system, and lo etiect rerrenerative luale ing. l

19. In a control system for motor vehicles, in con'iliimition, t nionieutuundriven vehicle an air-hrzrlre lam provided will] a train air line, and means dependent upon the presh i in the train air line for eliciting regeneraoe hraking. i

20. In a control system for motor vehicles, in. comhinalion, a niomentum-driven vehicle, an airhralte system provided with a train air l ne, nd means actuated liy a change of pres sure in the train air line disl'iosed to ellect renen 1 rativ-e hraki no.

21., In a control system 'lt'or motor vehicles. in coinhinat-ion, a menientunndriven vehicle, an air-hralce tem provided with a train air line, means dcperulent upon the pres-sine in the train air line for etllectine; regenerative liralri uzl and means tor varying the rate of? :reoeawrative ln'akingr.

In a control. system for motor vehicles, in c(m1hination, a. momenturn-driven vehicle, an air-hral c system provided with a train air line, means for reducing the pressure in the train air line step-lJy-step to effect reeene ntive braking and means actuated by ltlll changes in pressure in the train air line for varying the rate of regenerative braking.

23. In a control system, in combination, a motondriven vehicle, an air-brake system for the vehicle, a regenerative braking system and a common control lever for the braking systems. i

24. In a control system, in combination, a rootoralriveu vehicle, an air-l uake system for the vehicle, a regenerative braking system, a common control lever for the braking systems, and means responsive to the operation of the control lever for checking the action of the air braking system to permit the functioning of the regenerative braking system.

25. In a control system, in combination, a motor-driven vehicle, an air-brake system for the vehicle, a regenerative braking system, a common control lever for the braking systems, means responsive to the operation of the control lever for effecting the initiation of regenerative braking and checking theaction of the air-braking system to permit the independent functioning of the regenerative braking system, and means for maintaining the regenerated voltage substantially constant.

26. In a control svstem, in combination, a motor-driven vehicle, an air-brake system, a regenerative braking system, means for controlling the operation of the air-brake tem, and means automatically operable upon the actuation of said control means for check ing the operation of the air-brake system and caiiising the regenerative braking system to function.

27. In a control system, in combination, a motordriven vehicle, an air-brake system, a regenerative braking system, means for controlling the operation of the air-brake system, means automatically operable upon the actuation of said control means for checking the ope 'ation of the air-brake system and causing the regenerative braking system to function, and means co-operative Vto maintain the regenerated voltage substantially constant.

28. In a control system, in combination, a motor-driven vehicle, an ail-brake system, a regenerative braking system, means for controlling the operation of the air-ln'ake system, means automatically operal'ile upon the actuation of said control means for checking the operation of the air-brake system and for causing the regenerative braking system to function, and means for interrupting the operation of the regenerative braking system to permit the air-b 'ake system to function.

29. In a control system, in combination, a motor-driven vehicle, an air-brake system, a regenerative braking system, means for con trolling the operation of the air-brake system, means automatically operable uponthe actuation of said control means to initiate re generative braking and to check the operation of the air-brake system and to cause the regenerative braking system to function, means eo-ope 'ative to maintain the regenerated voltage substantially constant, and means for interrupting the operation of the regenerative braking system to permit the air-brake system to function. i

30. In a control system, in combination, a momentunvdriven vehicle, an air-brake system for controlling the movements of the vehicle, a valve system for checking the operation of the zir-brake system, a control lever for the air-brake system, a regenerative braking system, and means adapted tofunction upon the operation of the brake lever to govern the valve system to check the operation of the air-brake system and thereby to permit the regenerative braking system to operate independently. a a

31. In a control system, in combination, a momentum'driven vehicle, an air-brake system for controlling the movements of the vehicle, a valve system for checking the operation of the air-brake system, a control lever for the air-brake system, a regenerative braking system, means adapted to function upon the operation of the brake lever to govern the valve system to check the operation of the air brake system thereby to permit the regenerative braking system to function independently, and means for maintaining the voltage of the regenerative braking system substantially constant. i i

32. In a control system, in combination, a momentnm-driven vehicle, an air-brake system for controlling the movements of the vehicle, a valve system for checking the operation of the air-brake system, a control lever for the air-brake system, a regenerative bra-king system, means adapted to function upon the operation of the brake lever to govern the valve system to check the operation of the air brake system thereby to permit the regenerative braking system to function independently, means for maintaining the voltage of the regenerative braking system substantially constant, and means for interrupting the operation of the regenerative braking system to permit the air-brake system to function.

In a control system, in combination, a momentum-driven vehicle, an air-brake system for controlling the movements of the vehicle. a valve system for checking the operation of the air-brake system, a control lever for the airbrake system, a regenerativebraking system, means adapted to function upon the operation of the brake lever to govern the valve system to check the operation of the airbrake system and thereby to permit the regenerative braking system to function separately, and means for controlling the rated regenerative braking. i

34. In a control system, in combination, a

momentum-driven vehicle, an. air-brake system for controlling the movements ot the vehicle, hrake-control means for initiating the operation of the air-brake system, a regenerative braking system, and means dependent upon the development of a regenerated current for checking the operation of the airbrake system to permit the functioning of the regenerative braking system.

65. In a control system, in con'ibination, a nionientum-driven vehicle, an air-brake system for controlling the movements of the vehicle, brake-control means fin'iinitiating the operation of the air-brain tom, a regenerative braking system, means dependent upon the development of a regenerated current for checking the operation o t t] air-brake tem to permit the functioning of the regenerative lin'aking system, and means co-operative to maintain the regenerated voltage con stant.

3b. In a controlv system, in (JOlIlbllltltlOll, a mi)mentum-driven vehicle, an air-brake system it'or controlling the movements of the vehicle, brake control means for initiating the operation of the air-lnrake system, a regenerative braking system, means dependent upon the development ofa regenerated current for checking the operation of the air-brake systern to permit the functioning of the regenerative braking system, and means for inter rupting the operation of said checking means.

37. In acontrol system for motor-driven vehicles, in combination, an air-brake system, s. regenerative braking system, means for initiating the operation of the air-brake system, and means for checking the operation of the air-brake system and causing the regenerative braking system to functioln said checking means being adapted to maintain the air-brake system inoperative for a predetermined period if the regenerative tem continues to function,

08. In acontrol system for motor-drivcn vehicles, in combination, an air-ln'ake system, a regenerative braking system, means for initiating the operation of the air hrake system, means for checking the operation of the air-brake system and causing the regenerative braking system to function, said checking means being adapted to maintain the air-brake system inoperative for a pre determined period if the regenerative system continues to function, and means for maintaining the regenerated voltage f-iIEl1StEHIt ially constant for different speeds of? the vehicle.

39. In a control system, in combination, a momentum driven vehicle, an air-brake system for the vehicle, a regenerative ln'akim. system, and means for checking the action of the air-brake system during the functioning of the regenerative braking system, said checking means being adapted to permit the operation of the air-brake system when the regene 'ative braking system ceases to function.

-10. In a control system, in combination, a. n'mmentum driven vehicle, an ai i.'-b1'aking system for the vehicle, a regeneratiwr braking system, common control means for said braking systems, and means responsive to the actuation of the control means for initiating regenerative braking and checking the functioning ()ii the air-brake system, said checking being adapted to remain inoperative i i the regenerative braking system fails to function.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day of October, 1926.

LOUIS M. ASPINWALL, 

